Security Engines - Click-Time Protection

Avanan's virtual inline technology provides phishing protection for emails after they have been scanned by Microsoft servers, but before they reach the user’s mailbox.

New attacks have become more sophisticated and can generate phishing campaigns such that the phishing website they link to does not have any known bad reputation, sometimes for hours and days after the emails are sent.

Click-Time Protection works by replacing links. The replaced links point to the Avanan inspection services, so that  every time a user clicks on a link, the website behind the link is inspected to ensure it is not a phishing website.

Click-Time Protection uses these security engines for inspection.

  • URL Reputation - Checks if the URL is known to be malicious or holds any malicious references.
  • URL Emulation - Emulates the website to detect zero-day phishing websites

Benefits

  • Most Up-to-Date Intelligence - Inspecting links when the user clicks on the URL allows to inspect the URL based on the latest inspection intelligence and software capabilities.
  • Protection against zero-day phishing websites - Inspecting links when the user clicks on the URL allows to follow the user into the website. Click-Time Protection then emulates the website to expose hidden Phishing indicators. So Phishing websites that are not known to be malicious are also flagged.
  • Pointing out the users that clicked the malicious URL - Click-Time Protection forensics allows to detect the users that require further education and training to avoid clicking on malicious links.

Note - Click-Time Protection is available for Office 365 email and Gmail.

Interaction with Microsoft ATP

When other Secure Email Gateways (SEG) are deployed in front of Office 365 (not via API), Microsoft Advanced Threat Prevention (ATP) will not be able to inspect the URLs as they were re-written.

However, as Avanan interacts with Microsoft through API, there is no interference with ATP. ATP inspects the URL before Avanan re-writes them. So, Click-Time Protection can be used in addition to ATP, as an additional layer of protection.

Configuring Click-Time Protection Engine

To configure Click-Time Protection engine:

  1. Navigate to Security Settings > Security Engines.
  2. Click Configure for Click-Time Protection.
    Avanan-CTP-Configuration
  3. In the Click on links to malicious websites section, select the required option to handle the malicious websites.
    • Prevent access to the malicious URL. User has option to proceed.
    • Prevent access to the malicious URL. User cannot proceed.
    • Do nothing
  4. To replace the QR code in the body of the email to redirect to the rewritten link, select the Replace QR codes in email body checkbox.
  5. To emulate websites behind links to detect phishing websites with no bad reputation, select the Emulate websites via URL Emulation checkbox.
    Note - If the Emulate websites via URL Emulation was disabled, and if the administrator enables it, it could take up to 20 minutes for the URL Emulation to start working.
  6. To inspect files behind links, do these in the Clicks on links leading to file downloads section:
    1. Select the Inspect files behind links checkbox.
    2. Select a workflow:
      • Prevent download of malicious file. User has option to proceed and download.
      • Prevent download of malicious file. User cannot proceed.
      • Do nothing
    3. To allow the download of files if the file inspection exceeds a specific time, do these:
      1. Select the Limit inspection time checkbox.
      2. In the Allow download if inspection takes more than (seconds) field, enter the time in seconds.
        For more information, see Protection Against Malicious Files Behind Links.
  7. Under Advanced, select the required URL version (V1 or V2).
    Note - Avanan recommends using V2 version.
  8. Click Save.

Notes:

Re-Written Avanan URL

The format of the rewritten Avanan URL is <click-time domain>_<original url>_<encrypted blob>. While configuring the Click-Time Protection engine, administrators can choose the <click-time domain> from
these versions:

  • V1: https://avanan.url-protection.com/v1/
  • V2: https://url.avanan.click/v2/

In the <click-time domain> V2 version, the original URL is surrounded by underscores, making it easier to identify the original (rewritten) URL. Also, the URL is shorter, and the domain is different from the V1 version.

Note - Avanan recommends using V2 version.

Validity of Rewritten URL

  • Avanan inspects the website behind the rewritten URL only when you have a valid license.
  • Rewritten URLs remain valid indefinitely, even when you do not have a valid license or when you delete the Avanan Portal.
  • After the license expires, Avanan redirects the rewritten URL to the original URL without inspection.
  • Avanan handles the rewritten URLs as described above regardless of the identity of the user that clicks the URL - internal user, external user, or unidentified user.
    Therefore, even if the email is forwarded to a user in your organization that is not protected by Avanan, this user's click is also secured by Avanan.

Replacing Links Inside Attachments - Supported File Types

If you configured the Click-Time Protection Policy to replace links inside the attachments, the links get replaced for these file types:

File Type File Extensions
Adobe FDF FDF
Adobe PDF (all versions) PDF
Microsoft Excel 2007 and later XLSX, XLSB, XLSM, XLTX, XLTM, XLAM
Microsoft Excel 2007 Binary XLSB
Microsoft Excel 97 - 2003 XLS
Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 and later PPTX, PPTM, POTX, POTM, PPAM, PPSX, PPSM
Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 PPT, PPS, POT, PPA
Microsoft Word 2007 and later DOCX, DOCM, DOTX, DOTM
Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 DOC, DOT

 

Protection Against Malicious Files Behind Links

The Anti-Malware security engine emulates the files behind direct download links before delivering them to end users. To prevent attacks in which the file behind the link is altered after the email is sent, this inspection will also take place when users click on such links after they are re-written by Click-Time Protection.

If the file behind the link is found to be malicious, and the Click-Time Protection security engine is configured to block it, access to the file will be blocked.

Avanan-File-Blocked

To configure the workflow in the Click-Time Protection security engine, see  Configuring Click-Time Protection Engine.

 

Click-Time Protection - End-User Experience

After configuring a  Click-Time Protection policy, Avanan replaces all URLs in the incoming emails and their attachments with a Avanan URL.

The URL also provides a tool-tip with the original URL, indicating that the link is protected by Avanan.

Note: Formatted tooltips are available on Microsoft Outlook for Mac, Outlook Web Access, and many other clients. Some clients, such as Outlook for Windows, limit the ability to present tooltips and will present the raw rewritten URL.

Clicks on Malicious Websites - End-User Experience

When a user clicks on the URL, Avanan checks the target URL.

  • If the URL is not found to be malicious, the user will be redirected to the original URL.
    • If the URL is found to be malicious, the user is forwarded to a warning page.
    • If the workflow for malicious URLs is Prevent access to the malicious URL. User has option to proceed in the Click-Time Protection security engine, an additional Proceed anyway link will be available in the warning page.
      Avanan-CTP-File-Blocked

Clicks on Direct Download Links - End-User Experience

When a user clicks a direct download link, the Anti-Malware security engine emulates the file.

  • If the file is detected as malicious:

    • If the configured workflow is Prevent download of malicious file. User cannot proceed, it blocks the file and shows the warning page.
      Avanan-File-Blocked

    • If the configured workflow is Prevent download of malicious file. User has the option to proceed and download, it blocks the file and shows the warning page. However, the user can click Download anyway to download the file.
      Avanan-CTP-File-Blocked-Download-anyway

    • If the file is detected as clean, it shows the notification and downloads the file.
      Avanan-CTP-File-Allowed

Google Drive Preview Links

By default, in the Gmail interface, when there is a link to a file in Google Drive, the email shows the file preview as if it was attached to the email.

Gmail_Google_Drive_Link_Preview

But, when Avanan rewrites the link, the file preview will not be showed.

Configuring Click-Time Protection Policy

To configure Click-Time Protection policy:

  1. Navigate to Policy.
  2. Click Add a New Policy Rule.
  3. Select the desired SaaS application under Choose SaaS drop-down.
  4. Select Click-Time Protection under Choose Security drop-down and click Next.
  5. Choose Scope for the policy.
  6. Under Links Replacing, choose where to replace the links for the email.
    • Email body
    • Email body and attachments
      Click-Time-Protection-1
  7. Under Severity, select the severity of the events generated by Click-Time Protection security engine.
    • Auto
    • Critical
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Lowest
  8. Click Save and Apply.

Click-Time Protection Exceptions

See Click-Time Protection Exceptions.

Forensics

Each stage of the Click-Time Protection process is recorded for forensic and auditing purposes, from the original URL replacement to the result of the time-of-click scan.

Click-Time Protection processes the events as Malicious Url Click and Proceed to Malicious Url.

  • Malicious Url Click event is recorded when a user clicks on the rewritten URL and is redirected to the warning page.
  • Proceed to Malicious Url event is recorded when the user clicks Proceed anyway in the warning page.

Note - Proceed to Malicious Url is available depending on your company’s policy.

For multiple recipients, each URL click would generate an event. Events are aggregated by default.

Click-time-protection-sample-events

Viewing Emails with the Replaced Links

The Emails with Modified Attachments page shows emails with attachments, where the links in the attachments were replaced.

Note - The page does not show emails where links in the email body were replaced.

Viewing Replaced Links and User Clicks

  • From the Email Profile page
    • Under Security Stack, for Click-Time Protection, administrators can view:
      • Replaced Links - All the links replaced by the Click-Time Protection engine in the email body and its attachments
      • User Clicks – All the clicks performed by users (for clean and malicious websites)
        Click-Time-Protection-2
    •  
    • Under Email Attachments, attachments with replaced links will be marked with a small icon.
      Click-Time-Protection-3
  • From the Attachment Info page, administrators can see all the Replaced Links in the attachment.
    Click-Time-Protection-4

Note - The User Clicks can only be seen from the Email Profile page.

Determining Which User Clicked a Link

Identification of the user that clicked a link is based on a cookie Avanan adds to the clicking user's browser.

Identification procedure:

  1. When a user clicks on a replaced link in an email sent to only one email address (click number 1), Avanan adds a cookie to the user's browser.
  2. If the user clicks (click number 2) on another replaced link in an email using the same browser within 30 days of the previous click, and the email is sent to the same email address, the user's identity will be linked to that browser.
  3. Click number 2 and all future clicks on replaced links (that are opened on the same browser) within the next 365 days will be attributed to the user, regardless of the number of email recipients.
  4. After 365 days from click number 1, the cookie is removed from the browser, and the procedure restarts.

Example: Every row in this table describes a click on a replaced link by John Smith:

Date Email recipients John Smith's browser Reported clicked user Why the user is reported as the clicked user?
01 January 2023 John Smith Cookie is added Undetermined One click is not enough to determine the user as John Smith.
02 January 2023 John Smith
Mary Brown
James Wilson
Cookie is still valid Undetermined Waiting for another click from this browser on links in emails with a single recipient.
03 January 2023 (or any date before 30 January 2023) John Smith Cookie is still valid John Smith John Smith clicked the replaced link (click number 2) in an email (sent only to one person) using the same browser within 30 days from the previous click. So, John Smith is reported as the clicked user.
20 February 2023 (or any date before 01 January 2024) John Smith
Mary Brown
James Wilson
Cookie is still valid John Smith As the cookie is still valid, John Smith is reported as the clicked user though the email is sent to multiple users.
01 January 2024 John Smith New cookie is added Undetermined Now, as 365 days are complete from the first click (click number 1), the old cookie is removed, a new cookie is added, and the user identification procedure starts again.